Carthage, one of Tunisia’s most significant archaeological sites, faces several risks primarily exacerbated by climate change and human activity. The ancient city, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is located near the coast, making it particularly vulnerable to the impacts of coastal erosion and rising sea levels. Here are the primary risks to Carthage:
Coastal Erosion and Sea Level Rise: Due to its coastal location, Carthage is susceptible to erosion caused by increased wave activity and rising sea levels. These factors can lead to the loss of land and damage to the archaeological remains, potentially washing away unexcavated or exposed sites.
Saltwater Intrusion: The intrusion of saltwater into the area not only affects the structural integrity of the ruins by weakening foundations and eroding stonework but also poses a risk to the underground water tables, impacting the broader ecological balance and vegetation that supports the site’s stability.
Climate Change and Extreme Weather: Increases in temperature and changes in precipitation patterns can affect the preservation of organic materials at the site. Additionally, extreme weather events like storms and heavy rains can cause sudden flooding, leading to erosion and structural damage.
Human Activity: Urban development and tourism, while providing economic benefits, also pose significant threats through pollution, physical wear from visitors, and potential mismanagement. Construction and development in surrounding areas can alter drainage patterns and lead to increased water runoff onto the site, exacerbating erosion and structural risks.
Preservation and Conservation Challenges: Effective management and conservation are ongoing challenges due to the extensive nature of the ruins spread over a large area. Ensuring adequate funding, expert involvement, and international support is critical to preserving this historical site against the increasing threats.
Proactive measures are required to mitigate these risks, including reinforcing vulnerable areas, controlling visitor access to sensitive parts of the site, and implementing advanced monitoring systems to manage the effects of climate change and human impact.
